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Role of spray drying method was studied for solubility enhancement of poorly aqueous soluble model drug, Tinidazole, using solid dispersion approach. Diverse water soluble carriers viz Polyethylene glycols (PEG 4000), Hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose (HPMC 5cps), and β-cyclodextrin were used for this purpose. Phase solubility studies revealed a linear increase in drug solubility with carrier concentration. All the carriers showed dissolution improvement vis-à-vis pure drug to varing degrees. Solid state characterization of various solid dispersions using XRD, FTIR, DSC and SEM techniques revealed distinct loss of drug crystallinity in the formulation, ostensibly accounting in dissolution rate.

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The objective of present investigation is to prepare and optimize an oral floating alginate gel beads of famotidine using gas generating agent like sodium bicarbonate and Corn oil was utilized as a dispersed phase to generate a uniform emulsion to create multiple tiny chambers in the alginate matrix for better buoyancy. The effect of different concentrations of sodium alginate, calcium chloride and famotidine were used and their Morphological analysis, Buoyancy, Encapsulation efficiency and In vitro drug release behavior in simulated gastric fluid were carried out. Size of all the beads was found spherical and uniform and percentage yield of all formulation was found approximate 80%. Buoyancy study showed that only F-3 to F-13 was floating. It was clearly seen that famotidine release from uncoated beads in a considerable “burst” during the first 30 min, due to rapid water ingress and creation of aqueous channels.

ABSTRACT
Treating various ailments of eye utilizes mostly two strategies i.e. delivery of the therapeutic agent by development of a novel delivery system or by enhancing the permeation of therapeutically active agent by the use of penetration enhancers or by the alteration of its physicochemical properties. Conventional ophthalmic drugs delivery system including eye drops, ointments and gels, are no longer sufficient to treat vision threatening disorders as they delivery drugs only to anterior segment of eye. A major problem in ocular therapeutics is attainment of an optimal drug concentration at the site of action. Poor bioavailability of drugs from ocular dosage forms is mainly due to the pre-corneal loss factors which include tear dynamics, non-productive absorption, transient residence time in the cul-de-sac, and the relative impermeability of the corneal epithelial membrane. This article reviews various novel approaches like in – situ gel, ocular films or ocuserts, nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, collagen shields, ionotophorosis, eye implants. These novel approaches have significant technological challenge with a corresponding problem of patient compliance with dosage forms. In near future, a great deal of attention will be paid to develop noninvasive sustained drug release for both anterior and posterior segment eye disorders. Current momentum in the invention of new drug delivery system holds a promise toward much improved therapies for the treatment of vision-threatening disorders.

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